Peer-Reviewed Insights

Research Blog

Evidence-based articles on peptide mechanisms, dosing protocols, clinical data, and research methodology. Cited sources. No hype.

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Kisspeptin-10: The Peptide That Started Puberty in Mice With No Receptor
Sexual Health

Kisspeptin-10: The Peptide That Started Puberty in Mice With No Receptor

In 2003 two groups simultaneously showed that loss of the GPR54 receptor blocked puberty in mice and humans. The endogenous ligand turned out to be kisspeptin. Twenty years later it is one of the most studied peptides in reproductive neuroendocrinology.

22EXO Research Team 9 min read
PT-141 / Bremelanotide: From the Tan-Sex Sunscreen to FDA Approval and Back
Sexual Health

PT-141 / Bremelanotide: From the Tan-Sex Sunscreen to FDA Approval and Back

9 min read
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: A Pregnancy Hormone Used as a Research Tool for Sixty Years
Sexual Health

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: A Pregnancy Hormone Used as a Research Tool for Sixty Years

9 min read
PT-141 (Bremelanotide): From NASA Sunscreen Accident to FDA-Approved Sexual Health Peptide
Sexual Health

PT-141 (Bremelanotide): From NASA Sunscreen Accident to FDA-Approved Sexual Health Peptide

PT-141 (bremelanotide) began with an accidental self-injection at the University of Arizona and ended as FDA-approved Vyleesi. The research history spanning Melanotan II's discovery through the RECONNECT Phase 3 trials illuminates the melanocortin-4 receptor mechanism underlying sexual desire.

13 min read